Cox Campus Practice Exam

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• Look at these examples of sentence fragments. Which one might help students apply or expand their learning about content during writing instruction?
• Which syllable type is the first syllable in the word phoneme according to the given breakdown?
• Jamie, a 2nd-grade student, has demonstrated proficiency in recognizing words… but struggles with expression and chunking phrases. Which instructional practice would you recommend as a next step?
• Explicit vocabulary instruction does NOT include which of the following?
• Which of the following is a scaffold for phonemic awareness instruction?
• Which statement describes leveraging students' background knowledge as an instructional practice?
• Which phase of the gradual release model best describes students working with a partner to segment dictated words using Elkonin boxes?
• Which statement about high-frequency words is true?
• If your assessment data pinpoint a group of students that struggle with phoneme segmentation, which action is most appropriate to focus on first?
• Which is an example of explicit phonemic awareness instruction?
• Which phoneme awareness skill is the most difficult?
• What is a recommended focus after introducing a new phonics skill to promote long-term fluency?
• Which word learning strategy matches this description: Analyzing words in relation to roots, bases and affixes?
• The statement 'Phonological sensitivity should be the primary focus of instruction at the beginning of kindergarten' is:
• Break this word into syllables and identify the syllable types: phoneme.
• Background knowledge can be developed through writing.
• Which statement best describes the integration of explicit vocabulary instruction with text?
• Sean is in the 4th grade. Based on national ORF norms, he scored below grade level. What is the next diagnostic assessment he should take?
• How can teachers support students when their spoken dialect differs from the academic English used in writing?
• Dialect can affect literacy outcomes because a student's spoken language may differ from the language of text. Which component of language is commonly affected by dialect?
• Which practice specifically supports students in chunking phrases during fluency work?
• What is the goal of phonics instruction?
• What might you see during phonemic awareness instruction?
• If a writing sample indicates the student is at the Paragraph Skills level on the Foundational Writing Skills Scope and Sequence, which action best describes what they can do?
• Which statement best describes encoding in literacy?
• If Kaia was assessed in the fall of 2nd grade and reads 77 WCPM, what is her percentile based on Hasbrouck and Tindal norms?
• A 2nd-grade student scored below grade level on a phonics diagnostic. What should the teacher do next?
• Phonemic awareness contributes to the development of which reading-related skills?
• Which of the following words is a Tier 2 word?
• Which statement about background knowledge is true?
• Encoding is dependent on the ability to segment phonemes in a spoken word and connect those phonemes to the letters that represent them in print.
• What does WCPM stand for in fluency assessment?
• Which emergent writing stage is described as Stage 2: Left-to-Right Scribbling?
• Which of the following is NOT an example of verbal reasoning?
• At the beginning of the school year, a 3rd-grade student scores below grade level on an oral reading fluency passage. Which assessment(s) should be given to determine why they are not fluent?
• We can provide scaffolds for children to help them move words from receptive vocabulary into expressive language. Which of the following is a technique to do that?
• Which set of options best describes the subskills that contribute to fluent reading?
• As students work to master writing skills, they must also continue to develop their executive function skills, working memory, oral language, and background knowledge.
• What is the main purpose of a decoding-focused diagnostic assessment?
• Which phonemic awareness skill involves blending sounds to form a word?
• Which instructional practice most directly targets expression or prosody?
• Which cognitive skill is important for writing development along with working memory and oral language?
• After a student shows a below-grade phonics score, what is the most appropriate action?
• Which of the following would be an example of multisensory instruction?
• Which part is an example of a closed syllable?
• Focusing instruction on the sentence level enables students to write longer texts.
• Which student needs intervention based on the given description?
• Which statement best describes automaticity in reading?
• If a teacher administers an Oral Reading Fluency assessment and notices the student has low accuracy and weak decoding skills, what is the BEST next step?
• Which activity would promote sentence level comprehension?
• Which statement best describes what Mr. Jones should do after introducing a new phonics skill to promote long-term fluency?
• A student writes 'jaz' for jazz and 'tos' for toss on an encoding assessment. They need explicit instruction on which skill?
• Which safety net should a teacher use in response to a student explaining why money is easier than bartering?
• For a student with a below-grade phonics score, which instructional focus is most appropriate?
• Ms. Williams asks Nick to read for one minute; he reads 180 words with 12 errors. What is Nick's Words Correct Per Minute (WCPM)?
• The goal of reading comprehension instruction includes empowering students to advocate for themselves and others.
• Which strategy is most effective for building vocabulary during reading?
• A phonics diagnostic shows a third-grade student reads real words accurately but struggles with nonsense words. Which conclusions are supported?
• Which development would best indicate readiness to work on adding transition words?
• A kindergarten student shares writing that looks like several lines of scribbles across the page. What stage of emergent writing is this?
• Which statement about decodable texts is true?
• What is phoneme segmentation?
• Which text structure BEST applies to the graphic organizer shown below: 1ST -> 2ND -> 3RD
• The statement 'Vocabulary is a constrained skill; teachers are able to teach every word they need to know' is true. Which option best reflects this idea?
• Which example demonstrates a higher level of phonemic awareness?
• A child who speaks African American English reads the word 'sold' as 'sol'. Which of the following is NOT true?
• Phonological sensitivity activities are best done in small groups.
• Which description best defines reading words automatically without sounding them out?
• Which statement describes the purpose of progress monitoring in intervention planning?
• One child has an accuracy score of 100%, but their rate is well below the 50th percentile. Why is this cause for concern?
• Which assessment term describes measuring a reader's ability to identify letter-sound relationships before decoding?
• Which technique is listed as a method to move words from receptive vocabulary to expressive language?
• True or False: Multimodal techniques are beneficial because they engage multiple senses to enhance understanding.
• Which phonemic awareness sub-skill requires identifying the position of a single phoneme within a word?
• Knowledge of text structures is a form of background knowledge.
• What is an effective support you can provide for a student who is having trouble sequencing the words in a sentence when writing?
• How many syllables and morphemes are in the word prehistoric?
• Which language skill is most complex?
• What is orthographic mapping?
• The statement Code-based instruction is only needed for 10-15% of students who experience persistent difficulty learning to read is true or false.
• Which of the following is a way to use multisensory instruction to engage multiple senses at the same time to help students retain new learning?
• Which of the following is a valid word chain?
• Which of the following best describes orthographic mapping?
• A student writes 'led' for lend and 'jup' for jump. They need explicit instruction on which phonemic awareness skill?
• Which of the following is a way to build handwriting fluency?
• Which statement best describes encoding supports reading?
• Which sentence structure is MOST likely to challenge younger students' language comprehension abilities?
• Which pre-writing activity would best support opinion writing in social studies about government power?
• What is the primary benefit of developing handwriting control skills in early education?
• Which instructional practice is recommended for high-frequency words?
• What is the primary purpose of providing background knowledge before reading a science text?
• An article titled, "How Plants Grow" most likely follows which non-fiction text structure?
• Which of these instructional practices IS effective for helping students learn high-frequency words?
• Ms. Jones wants to scaffold her readers' understanding during an independent reading of text. Which instructional strategy will NOT serve her instructional goal?
• Which of the following would best help a student learn a new phonics pattern?
• When preparing to read a text about frogs, it would be MOST important for teachers to spend time building and drawing out students' background knowledge about which topic?
• In evaluating writing progress, which descriptor best aligns with paragraph-level writing?
• Which assessment is commonly used to determine reading fluency independent of decoding in a classroom?
• Which of the following is NOT an example of phonological sensitivity?
• Which statement about handwriting instruction and writing fluency is accurate?
• Stage 2 Left-to-Right Scribbling describes literacy development in which form of emergent writing?
• Which skill is involved in encoding, the process of linking sounds to letters?
• Which statement best summarizes focus vocabulary instruction when used with text?
• Which of the following is a component of effective high-frequency word instruction?
• What are the three main components of fluent reading?
• Which statement is true regarding irregular words?
• In early reading development, what does automatic decoding contribute to?
• Which learning focus is most appropriate next for the writing sample's needs, given a focus on coherence?
• Which combination of factors comprises oral reading fluency?
• If Kaia's WCPM falls between the 50th and 75th percentile, which fluency instructional focus is most appropriate?
• Who is demonstrating the most advanced level of phonemic awareness?
• Which of the following best describes the contribution of subskills to fluent reading?
• Based on the Oral Reading Fluency Norms from Hasbrouck and Tindal, how many Words Correct Per Minute (WCPM) must Kaia read to be at the 50th percentile for her grade level in the Spring of 2nd grade?
• Which sequence correctly represents the usual progression of phonemic awareness skills from simplest to more complex?
• In the Foundational Writing Skills framework, the Paragraph Skills level is best described by which ability?
• Which statement best describes the purpose of explicit vocabulary instruction routines?
• What happens during orthographic mapping?
• Which of the following high frequency word lists include irregularly spelled words?
• Background knowledge can contribute to which aspects of writing?
• Which skill is typically taught in the early stages of phonics instruction?
• In encoding assessment, a student writes 'wej' for wedge and 'juj' for judge. They need explicit instruction on which skill?
• Which instructional approach best supports most children learning to read?
• In the primary grades, which type of comprehension tends to be stronger?
• Which statement best describes the end goal of reading comprehension instruction?
• Based on the writing sample, which of the following is something the student is able to do as a writer?
• Which statement is true about background knowledge in relation to reading?
• Mentor sentence deconstruction is an activity that promotes which element of oral language?
• During an Oral Reading Fluency assessment, a student reads with accuracy but sounds choppy. Which component of reading fluency should be the focus for goals?
• Authentic writing for authentic audiences is encouraged.
• Which assessment type is described as a pre-reading step to determine decoding readiness?
• Which grapheme could represent the /k/ sound in English?
• Which of the following is NOT a good example of a word chain?
• Miss Smith needs to define a vocabulary word during reading. Which instructional method should she use?
• Which activity is an example of indirect vocabulary instruction?
• Incorporating realia supports making phonics accessible for dual language learners.
• Which type of assessment is used to determine why a student is not fluent, by examining decoding, vocabulary, and language processes?
• Which practice is NOT a hallmark of systematic phonics instruction?
• Are students with dyslexia eligible to be served under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)?
• Why is guided spelling practice more effective than traditional spelling lists?
• Which level of instruction is most directly linked to enabling students to produce longer texts?
• If a teacher asked students to write a grapheme that makes the sound /k/, what could they write?
• Which of the following is an example of an executive function skill?
• Which statement about irregular words is true?
• Kaia reads 84 words in one minute and 7 are incorrect. What is Kaia's WCPM?
• After providing a definition of a new word to students, which should you do next?
• Elkonin boxes are used to help students do what?
• Which statement reflects the IDA definition of dyslexia?
• In the primary grades, listening comprehension tends to outpace reading comprehension.
• Which manner of articulation category does /t/ fit under?
• In decoding multisyllabic words, which step directly addresses vowel sounds?
• Which of the following is NOT a stop sound?
• According to the RAND reading study, the reader, the text, and the task are factors that influence reading comprehension. What is the reader's broader context called?
• Academic vocabulary is used in academic contexts.
• Which activities would help a student learn a new phonics pattern?
• Which term describes a spelling pattern that represents vowel sounds?
• Which term describes a syllable that ends in a consonant?
• Which of the following actions is a comprehensive way to reinforce students' oral language skills?
• Which of the following is an example of a teacher strategy to model phoneme articulation?
• Which set of words would be appropriate for practicing four-phoneme blending?
• Which statement best describes the recommended approach to vocabulary instruction described?
• Which statement describes a sign of progress at the early writing stage (paragraph-level focus)?
• You are planning a writing activity in social studies. Students will write an opinion piece about which branch of government has the most power. Which of the following activities would be the best pre-writing activity?
• Which statement best summarizes approaches for teaching high-frequency words?
• Reading comprehension is constructed at three different levels of understanding: the surface code, textbase, and mental model.
• Which statement best describes the relationship between text structure knowledge and reading comprehension?
• Which tenets are included in the current IDA definition of dyslexia?
• In a geometry lesson, a student says 'That one isn't equilateral. This side is shorter.' Which restatement demonstrates correct use of isn't to negate the statement?
• Which is part of effective high-frequency word instruction?
• When planning to teach focus vocabulary words with text, which statement is true?
• Which statement is NOT true about systematic, explicit phonics instruction?
• Which statement correctly differentiates segmentation and blending?
• Which of the following is a characteristic of a decodable text?
• What is the most important purpose of assessment in writing?
• Which writing behavior indicates the student is using a concluding statement to end a piece?
• A first grade student has difficulty sequencing ideas and speaks in short sentences. This child needs intervention in which area?
• Place the steps for decoding a multisyllabic word in the correct order.
• The following phonemic awareness skills are critical for reading.
• What is a possible outcome for someone with dyslexia when they receive appropriate code-based instruction?
• Which description best defines a sequential text structure?
• Why aren't traditional spelling tests recommended in explicit and systematic phonics instruction?
• Whenever possible, is it advisable to have students write for authentic purposes and for an authentic audience?
• During an encoding assessment, a student writes 'bote' for boat and 'plae' for play. They need explicit instruction on which skill?
• Which of these elements plays an important role in writing?
• Metacognition is 'thinking about your own thinking' as you read a text.
• A Spanish-speaking child misreads the word 'shell' as 'chell.' Which response is best?
• Which misspelling is phonetically accurate and does not indicate phonemic confusion?
• Which of the following is a sentence fragment?
• Which statement best describes the core symptom of dyslexia?
• If a student scores within the 50th to 75th percentile on WCPM for their grade level, this indicates:
• Which statement best describes audio-assisted reading in the classroom?
• Juan's ORF accuracy score is 90%. What does this indicate?
• Which of the following tracks student growth during intermittent checkups?
• Which of the following describes a multisensory approach to instruction that engages multiple senses at the same time?
• Which instructional practice supports prosody by modeling appropriate tone and pauses?
• Which of the following words is a Tier 1 word?
• What is the second phoneme in the word 'come'?
• What can you do to increase the effectiveness of rubrics for improving your students' writing?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between dyslexia and phonological processing?
• What is the purpose of progress monitoring?
• The statement 'Young children who have language delays are at risk for reading disabilities when they are older' is true.
• Which organization is associated with the Oral Reading Fluency Norms used?
• Which is NOT one of the 4 major elements of RTI infrastructure?
• In the Foundational Writing Skills progression, which combination best supports coherent writing?
• Which statement about decodable texts is true?
• In fluency, automaticity refers to what?
• Which approach supports fluent writers most comprehensively?
• What does WCPM stand for?
• Which statement best describes metacognition in reading?
• Mr. Patel wants to encourage collaborative learning through corrective feedback with partners during students' fluency practice. Which instructional strategy would you recommend?
• Why are multimodal techniques useful for learning?
• Which of the following is a stop sound?
• Which of the following is NOT an example of indirect vocabulary instruction?
• Which statement best describes progress monitoring benefits?
• Which of the following is a correct breakdown of the word prehistoric into syllables and morphemes?
• Being at the 50th percentile on a reading fluency norm indicates performance is which of the following relative to peers?
• Which instructional activity BEST addresses comprehension PROCESSES instead of products?
• A student writes 'led' for lend and 'jup' for jump. In terms of articulation, in what area does this child need instructional support?
• Which normative source is commonly used to interpret Oral Reading Fluency norms by grade level?
• In phonemic awareness instruction, which activity would you most likely use to help students blend sounds into a word?
• Which activity best supports analyzing a text’s structure before reading?
• How can we support fluent writers?
• You are a second grade teacher administering an ORF assessment to students in your class at the beginning of the year. A child reads 36 words per minute with 98 percent accuracy. They were able to retell most details from the passage. Should you be concerned?
• During progress monitoring, a student identifies 4 phonemes in the word 'grasp' and four phonemes in the word 'blend'. Which sub-skill of phonemic awareness should she target?
• Which of the following is an expressive vocabulary assessment?